{
  "dataset": "school-choice-laws",
  "title": "School Choice Programs by State",
  "as_of": "July 2026",
  "last_verified": "August 6, 2026",
  "source": "EdChoice",
  "source_url": "https://www.edchoice.org/school-choice/dashboard/",
  "publisher": "The Liberty Tribune",
  "publisher_url": "https://thelibertytribune.com",
  "license": "https://thelibertytribune.com/terms/",
  "canonical": "https://thelibertytribune.com/trackers/school-choice-laws-by-state/",
  "rows": 51,
  "data": [
    {
      "state": "Alabama",
      "category": "universal",
      "summary": "CHOOSE Act ESA launched 2025, income-capped at first and phasing to all K-12 students by 2027."
    },
    {
      "state": "Alaska",
      "category": "none",
      "summary": "No ESA, voucher, or tax-credit scholarship. Its correspondence-study allotment cannot be spent on private-school tuition and has faced legal challenges, so families cannot use public funds for private school."
    },
    {
      "state": "Arizona",
      "category": "universal",
      "summary": "Empowerment Scholarship Account ESA became the nation's first fully universal K-12 program in 2022."
    },
    {
      "state": "Arkansas",
      "category": "universal",
      "summary": "LEARNS Act Education Freedom Account ESA phased to all students by the 2025-26 school year."
    },
    {
      "state": "California",
      "category": "none",
      "summary": "No private-school-choice ESA, voucher, or tax-credit scholarship program."
    },
    {
      "state": "Colorado",
      "category": "none",
      "summary": "No statewide private-choice program; an earlier local voucher was struck down by courts."
    },
    {
      "state": "Connecticut",
      "category": "none",
      "summary": "No ESA, voucher, or tax-credit scholarship program."
    },
    {
      "state": "Delaware",
      "category": "none",
      "summary": "No ESA, voucher, or tax-credit scholarship program."
    },
    {
      "state": "Florida",
      "category": "universal",
      "summary": "Family Empowerment and tax-credit scholarships expanded to universal eligibility for all K-12 students in 2023."
    },
    {
      "state": "Georgia",
      "category": "limited",
      "summary": "Georgia Promise ESA (2024) targets low-income students in low-performing schools, plus a tax-credit scholarship."
    },
    {
      "state": "Hawaii",
      "category": "none",
      "summary": "No ESA, voucher, or tax-credit scholarship program."
    },
    {
      "state": "Idaho",
      "category": "universal",
      "summary": "Enacted a refundable education tax credit in 2025 available broadly to families for private and home education."
    },
    {
      "state": "Illinois",
      "category": "none",
      "summary": "Invest in Kids tax-credit scholarship expired January 2024 and was not renewed; no active program."
    },
    {
      "state": "Indiana",
      "category": "universal",
      "summary": "Choice Scholarship voucher removed its income cap in 2025, making nearly all K-12 students eligible."
    },
    {
      "state": "Iowa",
      "category": "universal",
      "summary": "Students First Education Savings Account phased to universal eligibility by the 2025-26 school year."
    },
    {
      "state": "Kansas",
      "category": "limited",
      "summary": "Tax Credit for Low Income Students Scholarship program serves only low-income students in specific schools."
    },
    {
      "state": "Kentucky",
      "category": "none",
      "summary": "No active program; courts struck down prior efforts and voters rejected an enabling amendment in 2024."
    },
    {
      "state": "Louisiana",
      "category": "universal",
      "summary": "LA GATOR Scholarship ESA (2024) began income-prioritized and is expanding toward all students."
    },
    {
      "state": "Maine",
      "category": "limited",
      "summary": "Long-standing town tuitioning lets students in towns without public schools attend approved private schools."
    },
    {
      "state": "Maryland",
      "category": "limited",
      "summary": "BOOST voucher program provides scholarships only to low-income students."
    },
    {
      "state": "Massachusetts",
      "category": "none",
      "summary": "No ESA, voucher, or tax-credit scholarship program."
    },
    {
      "state": "Michigan",
      "category": "none",
      "summary": "No private-choice program; the state constitution bars public aid to private schools."
    },
    {
      "state": "Minnesota",
      "category": "limited",
      "summary": "Offers a K-12 education tax credit and deduction for expenses, but no scholarship or ESA."
    },
    {
      "state": "Mississippi",
      "category": "limited",
      "summary": "ESA and scholarships limited to special-needs, dyslexia, and speech-language students."
    },
    {
      "state": "Missouri",
      "category": "limited",
      "summary": "MOScholars tax-credit ESA is means-tested for most, but waives income for K/1st-grade, siblings, and special-needs students.",
      "disputed": true
    },
    {
      "state": "Montana",
      "category": "limited",
      "summary": "Tax-credit scholarship plus a newer special-needs ESA; both are targeted, not universal."
    },
    {
      "state": "Nebraska",
      "category": "none",
      "summary": "Voters repealed the state's scholarship program by referendum in November 2024; no active program."
    },
    {
      "state": "Nevada",
      "category": "limited",
      "summary": "Educational Choice Scholarship tax credit serves lower-income students; an earlier universal ESA was never funded."
    },
    {
      "state": "New Hampshire",
      "category": "universal",
      "summary": "Education Freedom Account program dropped its income limit in June 2025, becoming universal."
    },
    {
      "state": "New Jersey",
      "category": "none",
      "summary": "No ESA, voucher, or tax-credit scholarship program."
    },
    {
      "state": "New Mexico",
      "category": "none",
      "summary": "No ESA, voucher, or tax-credit scholarship program."
    },
    {
      "state": "New York",
      "category": "none",
      "summary": "No ESA, voucher, or tax-credit scholarship program."
    },
    {
      "state": "North Carolina",
      "category": "universal",
      "summary": "Opportunity Scholarship voucher removed its income cap in 2023, opening eligibility to all families."
    },
    {
      "state": "North Dakota",
      "category": "none",
      "summary": "No active program; the governor vetoed a universal ESA bill in 2025."
    },
    {
      "state": "Ohio",
      "category": "universal",
      "summary": "EdChoice Expansion voucher opened to all income levels in 2023 on a sliding award scale."
    },
    {
      "state": "Oklahoma",
      "category": "universal",
      "summary": "Parental Choice Tax Credit (2023) is a refundable credit available to all families statewide."
    },
    {
      "state": "Oregon",
      "category": "none",
      "summary": "No ESA, voucher, or tax-credit scholarship program."
    },
    {
      "state": "Pennsylvania",
      "category": "limited",
      "summary": "EITC and OSTC tax-credit scholarships serve income-eligible students; no universal program."
    },
    {
      "state": "Rhode Island",
      "category": "limited",
      "summary": "Tax-credit scholarship program is capped and limited to income-eligible students."
    },
    {
      "state": "South Carolina",
      "category": "limited",
      "summary": "Education Scholarship Trust Fund ESA is income-limited and was re-enacted in 2025 after a court ruling."
    },
    {
      "state": "South Dakota",
      "category": "limited",
      "summary": "Partners in Education tax-credit scholarship serves only low-income students."
    },
    {
      "state": "Tennessee",
      "category": "universal",
      "summary": "Education Freedom Act ESA (2025) offers universal-eligibility scholarships statewide alongside older special-needs accounts."
    },
    {
      "state": "Texas",
      "category": "universal",
      "summary": "SB 2 (2025) created a roughly $1 billion universal-eligibility ESA launching for the 2026-27 school year."
    },
    {
      "state": "Utah",
      "category": "universal",
      "summary": "Utah Fits All Scholarship (2023) ESA is open to all K-12 students subject to funding caps."
    },
    {
      "state": "Vermont",
      "category": "limited",
      "summary": "Town tuitioning lets students in towns without public schools attend approved schools; geographically limited."
    },
    {
      "state": "Virginia",
      "category": "limited",
      "summary": "Education Improvement Scholarships Tax Credit serves only lower-income students."
    },
    {
      "state": "Washington",
      "category": "none",
      "summary": "No ESA, voucher, or tax-credit scholarship program."
    },
    {
      "state": "West Virginia",
      "category": "universal",
      "summary": "Hope Scholarship ESA (2021) phases to fully universal eligibility for all students by 2026-27."
    },
    {
      "state": "Wisconsin",
      "category": "limited",
      "summary": "Milwaukee, Racine, and statewide voucher programs plus a special-needs scholarship remain income-limited."
    },
    {
      "state": "Wyoming",
      "category": "universal",
      "summary": "Steamboat Legacy Scholarship ESA expanded to universal eligibility for all K-12 students in 2025."
    },
    {
      "state": "District of Columbia",
      "category": "limited",
      "summary": "Federally funded DC Opportunity Scholarship provides vouchers only to low-income students."
    }
  ]
}