{
  "dataset": "right-to-work-laws",
  "title": "Right-to-Work Status by State",
  "as_of": "August 2026",
  "last_verified": "August 5, 2026",
  "source": "National Right to Work Foundation & NCSL",
  "source_url": "https://www.nrtw.org/right-to-work-states/",
  "publisher": "The Liberty Tribune",
  "publisher_url": "https://thelibertytribune.com",
  "license": "https://thelibertytribune.com/republish/",
  "canonical": "https://thelibertytribune.com/trackers/right-to-work-by-state/",
  "rows": 50,
  "data": [
    {
      "state": "Alabama",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work by statute since 1953; also enshrined in the state constitution in 2016.",
      "constitutional": true
    },
    {
      "state": "Alaska",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; union-security agreements are permitted."
    },
    {
      "state": "Arizona",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work protected in the state constitution since 1946.",
      "constitutional": true
    },
    {
      "state": "Arkansas",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work protected in the state constitution (Amendment 34) since 1944.",
      "constitutional": true
    },
    {
      "state": "California",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; union-security agreements are permitted."
    },
    {
      "state": "Colorado",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not right-to-work; its unique Labor Peace Act allows union-security only after a supermajority vote."
    },
    {
      "state": "Connecticut",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; union-security agreements are permitted."
    },
    {
      "state": "Delaware",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; union-security agreements are permitted."
    },
    {
      "state": "Florida",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work protected in the state constitution since 1944.",
      "constitutional": true
    },
    {
      "state": "Georgia",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work by statute since 1947."
    },
    {
      "state": "Hawaii",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; union-security agreements are permitted."
    },
    {
      "state": "Idaho",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work by statute since 1985 (upheld by a 1986 referendum)."
    },
    {
      "state": "Illinois",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not right-to-work; a 2022 constitutional amendment bars any future right-to-work law."
    },
    {
      "state": "Indiana",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work by statute since 2012."
    },
    {
      "state": "Iowa",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work by statute since 1947."
    },
    {
      "state": "Kansas",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work protected in the state constitution since 1958.",
      "constitutional": true
    },
    {
      "state": "Kentucky",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work by statute since 2017."
    },
    {
      "state": "Louisiana",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work by statute since 1976."
    },
    {
      "state": "Maine",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; union-security agreements are permitted."
    },
    {
      "state": "Maryland",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; union-security agreements are permitted."
    },
    {
      "state": "Massachusetts",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; union-security agreements are permitted."
    },
    {
      "state": "Michigan",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "No longer right-to-work; repealed its 2012 law effective early 2024 — the first state in decades to do so."
    },
    {
      "state": "Minnesota",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; union-security agreements are permitted."
    },
    {
      "state": "Mississippi",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work protected in the state constitution (plus statute) since 1960.",
      "constitutional": true
    },
    {
      "state": "Missouri",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; a 2017 RTW law was overturned by voters in a 2018 referendum."
    },
    {
      "state": "Montana",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; union-security agreements are permitted."
    },
    {
      "state": "Nebraska",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work protected in the state constitution since 1946.",
      "constitutional": true
    },
    {
      "state": "Nevada",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work by statute since 1951."
    },
    {
      "state": "New Hampshire",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; RTW bills have been introduced repeatedly but never enacted."
    },
    {
      "state": "New Jersey",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; union-security agreements are permitted."
    },
    {
      "state": "New Mexico",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; union-security agreements are permitted."
    },
    {
      "state": "New York",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; union-security agreements are permitted."
    },
    {
      "state": "North Carolina",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work by statute since 1947."
    },
    {
      "state": "North Dakota",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work by statute (initiated measure) since 1947."
    },
    {
      "state": "Ohio",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; a 1958 RTW ballot measure was rejected by voters."
    },
    {
      "state": "Oklahoma",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work protected in the state constitution since 2001 (State Question 695).",
      "constitutional": true
    },
    {
      "state": "Oregon",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; union-security agreements are permitted."
    },
    {
      "state": "Pennsylvania",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; union-security agreements are permitted."
    },
    {
      "state": "Rhode Island",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; union-security agreements are permitted."
    },
    {
      "state": "South Carolina",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work by statute since 1954."
    },
    {
      "state": "South Dakota",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work protected in the state constitution since 1946.",
      "constitutional": true
    },
    {
      "state": "Tennessee",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work by statute since 1947; added to the state constitution in 2022.",
      "constitutional": true
    },
    {
      "state": "Texas",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work by statute since 1947 (recodified 1993)."
    },
    {
      "state": "Utah",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work by statute since 1955."
    },
    {
      "state": "Vermont",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; union-security agreements are permitted."
    },
    {
      "state": "Virginia",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work by statute since 1947; voters rejected adding it to the constitution in 2016."
    },
    {
      "state": "Washington",
      "category": "non-rtw",
      "summary": "Not a right-to-work state; union-security agreements are permitted."
    },
    {
      "state": "West Virginia",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work by statute since 2016 (upheld by the state supreme court in 2020)."
    },
    {
      "state": "Wisconsin",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work by statute since 2015."
    },
    {
      "state": "Wyoming",
      "category": "right-to-work",
      "summary": "Right-to-work by statute since 1963."
    }
  ]
}